Fixing the Teenage Pregnancy Problem A Humble Suggestion...

A Humble Suggestion It is a melancholy feeling one bears when trying not to stare too obviously at a young girl with a large, attention-calling belly full of baby, and this girl might not even be through her sophomore year in high school. One might wonder what this girl’s plan is. Will this very large girl drop out of school? Is she still seeing whoever put that in her? If so, is he ready to help provide for the future child? One might even wonder if a belly that big is carrying twins, but we all hope not. Occurrences like these are not odd or rare, but no matter how common they have become, the problem is no less evident. This problem is not unsolvable, in fact, many solutions exist, but no matter how promising a proposal is, nothing†¦show more content†¦Though this reasoning is a stretch, abstinence is almost the only 100% effective adversary to teenage pregnancy. Another possible solution is compulsory sterilization, meaning that the government would administer a f orced prohibition of child bearing through surgical sterilization. Though this proposal might initially be perceived to echo similar approaches taken by Nazi Germany under the Third Reich, my resolution is actually much more ethical. Similar to the abstinence-only proposal, forced sterilization is also 100% effective, but unlike the abstinence-only proposal, this policy recognizes that teenagers having sex is inevitable. The enforced sterilization I suggest is much tamer than any implemented by a totalitarian nation. Unlike the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring passed in Germany during the summer of 1933, my proposal is much more modest. The mentally retarded, mentally ill, epileptic, blind, deaf, and physically deformed would not be required for fixing, I merely propose that men who fall under a specific income and intelligence criteria be sterilized through the means of a vasectomy. Money and intelligence move society forward, making them the two perfect st andards to base required sterilization off of. At first glance, this solution may appear too complicated, but dictating it would hardly be something the national government could not easily execute. Tests no different from any otherShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL

The Communal Power of Art Analyzing Four Great Paintings

Communal Power In many respects, one of the principle aspects of the value of art is its ability to accurately and creatively depict life around it, which in turn is responsible for the engendering of such art. Therefore, it is highly prudent to analyze the surrounding context in which art is both created and adjudged for its monetary and aesthetic merit. Even a brief analysis of the four articles contained within this document demonstrates that there is a considerable degree of influence in the society of art and artists that is responsible for most forms of creative expression, which are evinced in not just painting but also in theatrical and cinematic works of art as well. In fact, one can make a fairly substantial argument for the fact that the artistic community is largely responsible for both the creative impetus and the aesthetic validation that is necessary for truly great works of art to garner such acclaim. A close reading of Adam Gornichs Van Goghs Ear alludes to the fact that the true v alue in the communal nature of art is the interchange of ideas between colleagues that both affect that art as well as its value. It was exactly for this reason that Vincent Van Gogh highly anticipated the society of fellow painter Paul Gauguin, who was able to inspire a creative process that proved mutually beneficial to the art produced by both men. In fact, the following quotation alludes to the fact that just such a community of artists is an ideal not just for VanShow MoreRelatedThe Identity And Street Art5052 Words   |  21 PagesIdentity and Street Art Michaila Forte â€Å"An empty wall is an empty population† – Anonymous Abstract Street art emphasizes communal engagement, public activism, and awareness all while being an integrated part of a city. Social media is one of the most important tools to connect people in our lives, especially in today’s youth culture. 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I grew up in Jamaica at a time when Rastas were still regarded as useless, lazy, half-insane,Read MoreTheology of the Body32011 Words   |  129 Pagescalled â€Å"Human Love in the Divine Plan† or â€Å"The Redemption of the Body and the Sacramentality of Marriage.† B. Various scholars, in different language groupings, will generally break the theology of the body found in these 129 catecheses down into four main sections, others six. I think the most logical way to do so is to break it down into seven interrelated sections: 1) The Original Unity of Man and Woman as found in the Book of Genesis †¢ 23 catecheses from September 5, 1979-April 9, 1980 2)Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pages0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed onRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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On the one hand, the war set in motion transformative processes that were clearly major departures from those that defined the nineteenth-centuryRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLeale Senior Production Project Manager: Kelly Warsak Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Ilene Kahn Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Interior Design: Suzanne Duda and Michael Fruhbeis Permissions Project Manager: Shannon Barbe Manager, Cover Visual Research Permissions: Karen Sanatar Manager Central Design: Jayne Conte Cover Art: Getty Images, Inc. Cover Design: Suzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMastersRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesand techniques 6.1 Define activities 9.1.2. Responsibility matrixes 10.1 Communication planning (.2.3.4) [App. G-4] Chapter 12 Outsourcing 12.1.1 Procurement requirements [G.8] 12.1.2.3 Contract types 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 12.2.7 The art of negotiating 12.2.3.5 Change requests Chapter 13 Monitoring Progress Chapter 5 Estimating Times and Costs 6.4 Activity duration estimates (.3) 6.4.2 Estimating tools (.1.3.4) 6.3.1 Identifying resources 7.1 Activity cost estimates (

Knowing And Learning Mathematics Teaching -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Knowing And Learning Mathematics Teaching? Answer: Introduction perform our regular routine mathematics is essential to understand. Individuals get an idea about the basic elements of the mathematics from their kindergarten or pre-school. This learning develops the foundation of the advanced mathematics concept (Siemon et al., 2015). Individuals apply the concept of the mathematics when they are waiting for the bus, watching any TV program, purchasing and paying in the super market, measuring ingredients for cooking or doing some calculation in their daily life. On the other hand, mathematics can be defined as the science of formation, the classification that is executed from the measuring, counting describing of a specific object. The term mathematics is associated with the relationship and measurement of the quantities. Numeracy Numeracy is considered as a skill, which is used for the application of the mathematical ideas in every field of daily life. Numeracy includes in recognizing the concept of numbers, sorting, counting, measuring, addition and subtraction (Nicol, 2016). According to the learning framework of Early Years or EYLF(DEEWR, 2009, p.38), numeracy refers to the capacity, disposition, and confidence to apply the concept of mathematics in the daily routine of life. Numeracy is associated with various EYLF Learning outcomes: As per outcomes 3 (p.32): Children give a demonstration about the spatial awareness and make them such aspect-oriented, they move forward through their environment, which ensures their confidence and safety. Outcome 4: (p.35): In order to record, communicate and organize the mathematical concepts and the ideas children develop and use the representation. Differences between the numeracy and the mathematics concept with proper examples Children get the mathematical concept before they start their school and there the numeracy skill is started to grow during the pre-school. However, evidence shows that the concept of mathematics and the numeracy can be similar and different at the same time. Students develop their knowledge and skill in the mathematics at their early childhood stage and this is based on their own context. However, when a child learns to count then they start to obtain the answers to the questions of "How many" in various vital incidents. Therefore, when a child recites a poem, which is formed by the sequence number can be sung easily and the child has no intention to apply their knowledge in this context. It has been found numeracy has a big difference from the mathematics. As for example, in order to give happiness to the friends the children distribute lollies equally as it helps them to escape from the social chaos. On the other hand, children often use the timer while playing a computer program in order to get a transparent turn. Such type of application of the mathematics concept leads the children to face the challenge in the schools, home, and shopping centers. To resolve this issues the children need to improve their knowledge and skill in math and they have to apply it in different situations of their daily life. Title of website: Farm Shop Role-Play Area The main resource of this activity is the vegetable, which is derived from the farm. A table is placed at one of the corners among the many corners of the classroom. A board is arranged behind the table that is showing the pictures of different vegetables. Different vegetables are kept in different baskets along with the price tag. The types of the vegetables are potatoes, broccoli, pumpkin, tomato, and onion. A small basket is arranged to keep the money and the measuring scale. Rationale: Children can get real-life experience from buying vegetables and fruit. This kind of activity is beneficial for the students to improve their mathematical skills. Through such activity, the children are able to practice many processes include estimation, quantity, and measurement. Children are able to participate in counting, weighing and figuring the price of product per unit by utilizing such activity. This approach is effective for the children to identify the value of the money and they will be able to carry out the practical shopping. On the other hand, they understand to measure the total cost by adding each price of the product. Therefore, children can make a comparison based on the price of different vegetables. They also get an idea about the discount price from the educator. Children can obtain knowledge regarding the use of coin or money. Application This present activity is established at one corner of the room. A table is situated at the corner, which consists of different baskets with different vegetables along with their price. Another basket includes coin and a measuring scale. Educators will give the children instruction that they are going to buying the vegetables. A list of vegetables will be provided to the children that they have to buy. Firstly the children need to go to buy the vegetables that are present on their list. As for examples they have to purchase 5 tomatoes and keep them in their bucket. Then he or she will provide to the shopkeepers (who is also a child). Then the shopkeepers will put the purchased vegetables on the measuring scale and they say its amount and price such as 1kg for 3$. Then the child gives $3 from the basket of the coin and gives it to the shopkeepers. Therefore, another child has to do the same process. The main resources of such activity include cards along with numbers that are written on them. The cards are from 1 to 10 and some boxes are taken with 55 counters. The shapes of the counters are the circle and the color is red. A mat is arranged to perform the activity. Rationale Cards and counters are considered as the mathematical activity to enhance the existing skill and knowledge of the children. Children will get a clear knowledge that each number is prepared based on the different quantity and it helps the students to enhance their counting skill. This activity helps the children to learn the number sequences and they identify the separate units for each number. Through this activity, the children can detect the number and by using the counters they can make larger numbers. This is an open-ended activity thus the children are able to make different shapes by using this counters or they can stack the cards or the counters In this current activity, the child will sit on the mat to perform the activity. Then they have to arrange the number cards by leaving a little but the same gap between each card. When the child sees number 1 then they take one counter and place it under the number 1. Every red counter represents a specific unit and this gives a clear idea to the child that every number is made up of different quantities. Next, the child will take two counters and put it under the number 2. Hence, this process will be continued till the children complete the 10 number. After finishing number 10 the children can found that no counter has been left, which ensures that the children have placed all the cards according to the numbers. This activity allows the children to prepare various shapes by using the counters. Therefore, the children can play with the number cards and recognize the numbers. Evidence shows that to improve the mathematical skill play is an effective activity. Through the playing, the children are able to resolve their mathematical problems by using the numbers. This boosts the knowledge of the children in recognizing the numbers Various sizes of wooden blocks, shapes and the basket are the major resources of such activity. A mat is taken to keep the wooden blocks while the students are playing. Construction of the wooden block gives the children confidence to participate in demonstration and symbolization. This activity allows the children to understand the reasoning, comparison, thinking, and sequencing. Children can develop a clear mathematical concept regarding size, space, weight, and shape. Children are able to improve their imaginary and creative power. However, such activity helps the children to resolve their issues regarding the mathematical concept and they are able to move forward in developing a common objective. Learning is often considered as the incidental in the classroom at the early childhood. It refers that if the environment of a classroom is rich with the resources then the children get a scope to learn things through their own way. In this situation, no teaching is required as children are able to learn things through themselves. As for example, when the children observe the wooden blocks in the basket they got an idea to play with them. As a result, they pick the blocks and stack them one by one. This allows them to identify how long the length of the wooden block is. On the other hand, they can arrange the blocks according to their color, shape, and size. Therefore, by counting all the blocks they can prepare different designs. Such designs highlight different dimensions and can generate a 3D shape. This activity can be linked to the learning outcome 4. This activity allows the children to execute a range of methods and skills include hypothesizing experimentation, investigation, researching, inquiry, and problem-solving method. Plastic cubes with different colors, pencil, and papers are the main resources of such activity. Small cards are taken on which educator has written the additional sums. Application of linking cube is one kind of primary activity, which is effective for the children who are in grade 1. This activity leads the children to understand the concept of addition by using the cubes. They also learn about the process as well as the sign of addition. They can generate the idea through such activity that addition can be done by putting two numbers together. On the other hand, children will be able to read and write the different numbers by performing this activity. Application of the linking cube is an effective way to carry out the addition problems through two ways. In this activity, some cubes are one color while few others have different colors. In this activity, the child read the question 3+1=. Then they put one cube first then place another 3 cubes and join them together. Then the child will count these entire cubes and say 3+1=4, and put this answer in the paper properly. Then the child makes a turn around the cubes and writes 1+3=4. This activity allows the children to make their addition problem or they can develop their own sums by using such cubes. Then they can write it properly. The main purpose of this activity is to reveal the inverse connection of addition. That is 1+3=4 and similarly, 3+1=4. Use of cordless phone is very common for the children as they like to play with it. This kind of game is useful to enhance the learning ability of the children and to increase their mathematical skill. In this activity, they press the number via phone and improve their ability to identify the number. By doing this activity the children will get the scope to identify the problems and to generate solution regarding this problem. Children can improve their social skill besides the mathematical skill through this activity. Use of cordless phone is an important tool to maximize the mathematics skill of the children by involving them. In this game maximum children try to copy their parents one acts as mummy and other one acts as daddy. They act like they are talking to their friends, doctor or another person. This activity ensures that the children are flexible with the technology in the modern world and this also helps to clear their concept of mathematics. References Anna ,G .(2014). Math activities with unfix cubes. Retrieved from: https://www.themeasuredmom.com/math-activities-unifix-cubes/ Fantini.K ,(2015). The Importance of Block Play for Children. Retrieved from:https://earlyyearstraining.com.au/blog/the-importance-of-block-play-for-children/ Kaye. Farm Shop Role-Play AreaRetrieved from https://www.sparklebox.co.uk/gallery Nelson ,K .(2015).6 Hands-On Center Ideas for Using Technology in Pre-K and Kindergarten. Retrieved from: Nicol, C. (2016). Knowing and Learning Mathematics for Teaching.Selected writings from the Journal of the British Columbia Association of Mathematics Teachers: Celebrating 50 years of Vector, 355. Number Cards and Counter.(n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.montessoriworld.org/Math/crdcount/crdcount.html Siemon, D. E., Beswick, K., Brady, K., Clark, J., Faragher, R., Warren, E. (2015).Teaching Mathematics. Oxford University Press.

Lords of Discipline Character Analysis Essay Example

Lords of Discipline Character Analysis Paper Napoleon Bonaparte was one of the greatest generals in the vast, eternal history of Europe. He conquered nations and forged a legendary empire. Napoleon accomplished these amazing feats despite being only five feet, two inches tall. He overcame this obstacle and still built a legendary empire. Both Will McLean and John Proctor triumph despite the obstacles presented by the repressive societies they live in. During the epic works The Lords of Discipline, by Pat Conroy and The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, the protagonists, Will McLean and John Proctor, overcome societal repression by exemplifying extreme virtue, courage, and contrasting values of honesty. To be a hero, one must be virtuous and always know how to do the right thing when nobody is looking. Both Will and John have these traits. Will demonstrates his righteousness when he defends Pearce and helps him survive the school year overcoming the severe obstacles set in front of him by his peers. His fellow students are all racist against African Americans, and Pearce must endure the most suffering due to these ideals. The Bear asks Will to come down to his office where he soon offers him a chance to support Pearce, the first African American student to attend the Institute. The Bear tells Will he has been charged the duty of preventing Pearce from dropping out and leaving the school. Will says to Pearce while talking about their plan to communicate, there may be a secret group on campus that does not want you to enjoy the fruits of education at this grand institution. We will write a custom essay sample on Lords of Discipline Character Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lords of Discipline Character Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lords of Discipline Character Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I belong to a group that does. Any questions? What group do you belong to, sir? We are called the nigger-lovers, Pearce. (Conroy 70). Although all of his peers and friends are against African Americans like Pearce, Wills character remains strong. He stands against what he personally believes is wrong and will encourage Pearce to stay and become a ring-wearer. In The Crucible, John Proctor is also virtuous. His time of high merit comes when he confronts Herrick and Cheever and rips the search warrant theyve obtained to search his house because they believe Elizabeth, Johns wife, to be a witch. After Cheever shows John the warrant, Proctor and Cheever have a heated conversation, Proctor: Out with you. Cheever: Proctor, you dare not touch the warrant. Proctor, ripping the warrant: Out with you! (Miller 76). Proctor reveals how he knows what Herrick and Cheever are doing is wrong, and he tries his best to defend his wife and put an end to it. His virtuous nature shines through here. He knows it is unjust to just accuse someone of witchcraft without any significant proof. The entire Salem society believes witchcraft to be true. Proctor, acting as the righteous man he is, knows his wife is not a witch. To be virtuous in the face of adversity is an essential trait for a great hero to have. The hero must be virtuous to see through societal repression and say what they believe. Will McLean illustrates extraordinary courage when it comes to overcoming his peers repressive ideals. One of his major difficulties throughout the book is The Ten, a secret group created within the Institute which preys on students not seen fit to continue their education there. When Will discovers they are a real group after searching through Mr. St Croixs journal, he drives to the barn near the Generals house to investigate. He sees ten of his peers about to ignite a flame that could have potentially burned Pearce. Will throws a, brick [which] exploded into the room, suddenly silent, Pearce, its Will McLean and Ive seen it all. (Conroy 389-390). This act is remarkably bold and daring. Not only does he throw a brick into the room to grab their attention but he also yells out his own name, alerting The Ten to his presence and identity. Will tries to overcome the societal suppressive atmosphere The Ten has set around the school. Nonetheless, this small yet daring act assists Will in conquering his obstacles by letting him be stronger, mentally and physically, then his opponents. John Proctor is also courageous and his audacity aids him in overcoming the McCarthyism and hysteria gripping Salem. When John is surrounded by the entire town after Mary loses his case for him and Elizabeth denies the affair between him and Abigail, he yells out, Proctor: I say-I say-God is dead! (Miller 119). This is an absurd and crazy thing to say in such a society where religion is so powerful and God is essential to everyones everyday lives. Since he said this, he knows he will be convicted of witchcraft and it is extremely brave to say something so scandalous. His true courage is found beneath these simple words. What Proctor means is that his beloved town has fallen to Satan and God is dead because nobody trusts anyone. Courage is an indispensible characteristic to defeat the odds put against them and rise to new heights. Although dishonesty is usually frowned upon, in Wills case, it helps him overcome an unfair trial which would have led to the collective repression of Dante Pignetti. Dante, Wills close friend and roommate, is caught by a member of The Ten stealing gasoline from Wills car. During the examination of the witness, Will, the defense attorney asks, Who paid for the gasoline? Mark asked. I had left my wallet in the barracks. Pig gave me money to pay for the gas, I lied. (Conroy 430). Will does do an inexcusable act-lying after swearing to tell the truth on the Honor Court. Fortunately, he lies to save one of his best friends from being forced out of the school. Dante helps Will overcome obstacle by helping him escape The Ten. By lying, he indirectly overcame his obstacles through another person. In contrast, John Proctor is renowned for his honesty. He is honest to Mr. Putnam, Rebecca, Reverend Parris, and most importantly himself in saying how much he despises Reverend Parris and all that he stands for. Parris: There is a party in this church. I am not blind; there is a faction and a party. Proctor: Against you? Putnam: Against him and all authority! Proctor: Why, then I must find it and join it. (Miller 31). John Proctor is very true to himself and knows how he feels about issues that affect him daily. He is confident in his identity and wants everyone around him to know that as well. Saying this is a bit of a risk since the idea of witchcraft is just beginning in Salem and Proctor openly states that he is against the Reverend of the church in town. Being true and honest to himself allows Proctor to defeat his ignorant peers and become a better man than the rest of them. In conclusion, to conquer obstacles, one must have a few vital traits to help them do so. The protagonist must be virtuous, have tremendous courage, and have honest values supplemented by dishonest values. If Napoleon could forge an empire out of nothing with such a physical disadvantage and obstacle, any hero can do the same with these all important characteristics.

Hybrid Education Model

Analysis of the Hybrid Education Model Introduction The rapid advancements in technology have seen it find application in almost every aspect of life. The education sector has not been left behind either in the hype of technology. The internet platform has especially played a big role in changing approaches to education delivery. The internet has been utilized to provide online education to international citizens (Bonk Graham, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Hybrid Education Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Online education is quickly taking root and even in many cases replacing the ordinary face-to-face education delivery. The dynamic aspect of technology has seen different applications flood the market day in and out (Ausburn, 2004). This has effectively availed more user friendly applications to the consumer at an affordable price. This paper will compare and evaluate the online educatio n delivery models that have made it more popular among students than the traditional classroom mode. As a result of the increased online student enrollment, most universities opt for hybrid system in order to be in touch with the course of technology (Bonk Graham, 2005). The paper brings out an analysis of the hybrid system as a model of education delivery, technological tools used and how it has helped the university to remain competitive in terms of managing student, faculty and administration. Problem Definition The hybrid system of education delivery is where a faculty integrates both in-class learning activities with online learning. The online learning in this case takes the bulk of the learning activities as the face-to-face learning activities are reduced. The recent years have seen an increase in population of students seeking higher education. The increase has been in the inverse proportion with the physical facilities and infrastructure in the university. This effectivel y limits the number of students that can be admitted to a given course program at any given time because of limited sitting capacity as well as learning and teaching resources (Ausburn, 2004). Distance was also identified as a hindrance to most students achieving their desired educational goals. The ordinary classroom education requires that a student as a teacher travel to a fixed place for educational interaction (Cameron, 2003).Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With the hybrid system, the travelling is highly minimized, with the online platform; a student can be able to attend classes in the university of choice from the comfort of the house and in any part of the world. The hybrid system also reduces the cost of education quiet substantially as compared to the traditional model. The university has been on course to solve this problem by considering a learning mode that can as much as possible bring on board many students without limitations pegged on seating capacity or teaching and learning resources. Another objective that motivated the university to design the hybrid course modules is the need to reach as many students from all over the world as possible (Cameron, 2003). The hybrid system has been identified as a flexible program that will allow students learn at their own pace and within their own planning. Rationale The problem of limited physical infrastructure limiting the number of students that can be admitted in any program in a university are real in the wake of the rapidly population growth. Universities admit students based on factors such as; bed capacity, size of lecture halls, the number of teaching resources as well as the number of lecturers available to train the students. Bonk Graham (2005) points out the case of Nigeria where the first generation public universities are so competitive. Every student aspires to join at least one of the first generation universities for higher education. The swelling number of students has outgrown the available physical infrastructure as well as the teaching resources. The increasing number of students qualifying for university education has led to establishment of more universities to cater for the student population. Countries have been pressed by the need for technological and human resource development. In some cases, public middle level colleges have been converted or awarded university status to offer degrees as a result reducing learning opportunities for students qualifying for diploma courses. The hybrid system invention offers a reliable solution to this problem as it decentralizes educational access to those seeking learning opportunities (Carroll, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Hybrid Education Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The hybrid system will be used to increase equal to access of education between various communities of the world. There is a major gap in educational access by communities that are marginalized in terms of development. Few women especially in developing countries learn up to high school education. The reason attributed to this is poverty, lack of information and culture. In the Michigan state for example Carroll (2003) points out that the minority groups who includes; blacks and the Hispanics hardly attain a degree level in academics. Such disparities are on the increase especially in developing nations. Cost implication is a major impediment to educational access. The hybrid education system can reduce expenses by cutting down the amount of time that one would spend in college. This translates into less expense in terms of traveling expenses, accommodation and subsistence. Traditional classroom learning is more expensive in terms of printing costs as notes and other learning materials would normally be given out to student s to make copies (Carroll, 2003). In the hybrid system arrangement, students access learning material in soft copies online and are not under obligation to make copies. The number of part time students is on an increase as individuals look to combine work with educational advancement. Such students require a flexible learning program such as the hybrid system. Part time students learning under the traditional classroom arrangements schedule their classes either in the evenings, during holidays or over weekends (Carroll, 2003). The hybrid system provides students who would like to pursue academics and work a flexible learning situation, they can be able to plan for their time and effectively juggle between academics and work. It is as a result of this that the university has experienced a significant shift of student enrollment from the face-to-face learning model to the hybrid system. Special Terms Associated with the problem Face-to-face: to be directly present. Model : a set of t eaching and learning methods Integrate: to mix Impact: the changes either positive or negative as a result of learning Retention rates: the number of students who start and finish an education program Enrollment: number of students registered for a particular program Hybrid education: a mix of online and traditional classroom learning Problem Statement The advent of distance learning to solve the problem of space as a hindrance to educational access has led to the invention of the hybrid education system. The hybrid system integrates both ordinary face-to-face learning with distance learning (Christensen, 2003). The internet provides a platform through which students and lecturers interact.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main problem with the hybrid system is that the model proves difficult for instructors and education administrators to evaluate. Most higher learning institutions are motivated to adoption of hybrid education due to its high demand. The institutions are looking at the issue more to a business angle than learning. Majority of students at the universities satellite locations are part-time and face the problem of coping with the hectic schedules between work and school. The non-traditional students have different learning needs as full-time students (Christensen, 2003). They also have limited time to attend to their studies due to work as well as constraints of family responsibilities. These constraints affect students’ performance in exams. The hybrid model has become so popular especially among the non-traditional students because of its flexibility. Non-traditional students can be able to manage academic pursuit together with other life responsibilities under the hybrid s ystem with ease than the traditional face-to-face learning (Stein, 2004). Problem Statement There is an increase in enrollment of non-traditional students who demand flexibility in their academic program. Non-traditional students require flexibility so as to combine education with life issues and responsibilities (Christensen, 2003). The growing popularity of online education programs across the educational divide makes it a requirement that the program is integrated in education. Teachers must be prepared for a future of online education as the shift has started and there are indications of the program growing in popularity to take over from traditional classroom education (Frazee, 2003). Teacher education programs should focus more on training in relevant technological areas than outdated systems. The modern world is too dynamic in every life aspect; we need to be on the look out to embrace the changes in order to remain relevant within the changes (Stein, 2004). Literature Review The hybrid education system is formed by combining the â€Å"best practices of both ordinary education system and online education† (Cameron, 2003). Students and teachers are not restricted to regular visit to school for learning and teaching. In order to shift from the traditional face-to-face education to online model, instructors must prepare learning materials to a form that is compatible with online teaching. Online learning materials are more effective than what instructors provide in the normal lecture hall scenario (Frazee, 2003). This is because online teaching methods are more interactive. Teaching methods relevant to online teaching include; case studies or tutorials over the internet. Frazee (2003) points out that hybrid education is growing in popularity and being embraced by learning institution because of the decentralization aspect. It reduces the number of students flocking to campus for learning as they can interact with teachers and fellow students through interactive online platforms (Rheingold, 2002). The system plays an important role in developing students own computer skills as well as self discipline. Online education research exposes the student to intensive computer use, expanding their skills and knowledge in computer use (Garrison Kanuta, 2004). Students learning under the hybrid system have to learn how to manage time and adjust to various changes in schedule on their own. The program further provides students an opportunity to learn under limited supervision (Garrison Kanuta, 2004). This helps built the character of the students fit for job occupation. Employers are happy working with employees who apart from having relevant skills for work can work on their own with minimum supervision. Garrison Kanuta (2004) observes that the hybrid system requires students to do more on individual basis, translating into active learning. Active learning gives a student an opportunity to master the content learnt through individual r esearch work. Students learning under this program have the opportunity to engage fellow students and lecturers through online discussion fora on various topics (Rheingold, 2002). Online discussion fora have especially been found to generate meaningful ideas from students’ more than face-to-face discussion (Graff, 2003). The reason is that most of the student who would shy off from open discussion can freely present ideas in writing rather than speaking in a physical gathering (Graff, 2003). Since the hybrid system combines the best practices of both classroom based learning and online learning it is more superior learning model. The hybrid system as Graff (2003) concludes, provide an increased access to education by expanding learning opportunities. Students can register for a program in a college of choice and attain a degree without making several trips to the campus. Learning from the comfort of the home environment has given chance to many aspiring students to acquire va rious university academic credentials Hiltz Goldman (2005) observes that the system has helped in overcoming the challenge of limited lecture hall space, library space as well as reducing the cost of printing. From the environmental view, the hybrid system plays an important role in mitigating environmental degradation. In an era that environmental matters are being become a world concern, every sector is encouraged to adopt working modalities that are less harmful to the environment (Hiltz Goldman, 2005). Printing several pages for student handouts, assignments, and exams contribute to destruction of forests and indiscriminate dumping of waste papers that pollute the environment. Implementation Implementation of this program as has been for many other universities, both public and private is not an easy task. Public universities struggle to get funds to invest in technological tools that support online learning. The federal government has dragged its feet in allocating funds to t his program in public universities (Johnson, 2002). Private universities have been leading the line in implementing the program but mostly focus more on the business aspect of it than academic excellence. There has been resistance to adoption of the changes brought by the hybrid education system. Lecturers are used to the normal face-to-face learning and would not change easily to the new teaching method. Students also find it hard to adopt the new roles bestowed to them by the new learning methodology. In the ordinary learning scenario, students wait for the instructor to lead the way and give them information (Johnson, 2002). The hybrid system subjects the student to research work and at the same time give them freedom to work on their own. Both instructors and students must shift their mindset from the comfortable teaching and learning methodologies to the new more demanding one for the program to succeed. More time has to be committed to the design of learning materials for the online program. More emphasis in the design of the learning materials should be committed to the practical aspect (Meyer, 2003). The material should focus more on learner activities such as; case studies, online discussions, online tests and assignments (Johnson, 2002). Instructors should probably be compensated for the extra time they put in to prepare the online content in order to be more committed to the work. The design of the learning material should as much as possible be relate online learning methodologies to ordinary classroom learning. The technology used in developing the course materials should be simple as to be understood by the students. Leh (2002) observes that most students taking online classes prefer attending to academic activities from home. The developed technology should therefore be one that can be accessed from the home environment without the need for high end equipment that would be out of reach in terms of cost for the students. Often students have a mis conception that the system is less strenuous than the ordinary classroom program because of the less classroom meetings. This is not true for the program as students are expected to do more on their own; instructors should guide the learners and inform them of what is required before the program starts (Leh, 2002). Developing useful program entails collaboration efforts by various stakeholders and experts. Brainstorming is the best strategy for developing an all rounded education program. Different ideas and approaches to the same aspect brought together can generate a more concrete idea and program for learning (Leh, 2002). Summary This section was focused on the definition of the hybrid or blended system of education, the problem statement of the research, rationale and implementation. The research was carried out to establish how integration of online education and face-to-face learning to form a blended system has helped achieve success among students, lecturers and administrati on in the university. It has been observed that the hybrid education is becoming more popular among students because of its flexible nature. Part-time students who combine work and education can have an opportunity to attend classes with an adjustable schedule thanks to the hybrid system. Students are also given chance to study at their own pace as long as they adhere to the rules set out by the institution. When developing learning materials, care should be observed to ensure the technology is to the level of students and does not require high-end equipment. Methodology Introduction This section discus the methodologies used in this research as well as the research findings. The setting of the research as well as the sample for the research will also be discussed. Mixed Method Research Design and Approach Martyn (2003) points out three important aspects of an effective hybrid education system. First is the integration of ordinary face-to-face learning with online education. Enough time should be committed to developing a relevant learning program, bearing in mind the changes that should be incorporated. The program should focus more on the student; it should offer more activities for the student so as to improve their performance. This research is designed to use the mixed method of research to investigate the aspects of the hybrid education system. The method comprises of both qualitative and quantitative approaches in data analysis (Martyn, 2003). The main concern of this work is to find out information and data that express confidence in hybrid system of education. The confidence level lies in the quality as well as the impact that this type of education has on the students. Rates of enrollment of non-traditional students at the college will also be used to gauge the popularity of the system. The experimental research design will also be useful in this case as the study aims at making a comparison between the traditional face-to-face education and online e ducation. The study will also seek to investigate the relationship between the two types of education in terms of in terms of their effectiveness and quality. The experimental research will be based on education students pursuing a degree either by; face-to-face, online or hybrid education system. The case of investigation will be finding out how much the hybrid system affects their enrollment at the college. The qualitative method of study will also be used in the study to establish the impact that the hybrid education model has on course delivery. This will be based on data formulated from interviews and questionnaires. The research also aims at formulating a hybrid education model curriculum based on the literature review that is an integral part of this study. The data collected and formulated from interviews and questionnaires will be used to justify the use of both qualitative and quantitative research design. Setting and Sample The target students for this study will be the a dult education students enrolled at the college. Instructors as well as college administrators will also make part of the study samples. The study will seek to find out the feelings of the students instructors and administrators about the program in terms of quality, convenience and preference over other learning models. In order to effectively determine the sample for the research, the study will use the common scientific sampling methods. Martyn, (2003) points out that the sampling method used has to be in line with the research being conducted. The random sampling technique will be used in this case to determine the research sample. Random sampling reduces chances of biasness in choosing the sample for the purpose of the study (Meyer, 2003). The process will involve giving numerical symbols to each member of the study. The study sample will then be selected from the whole population at random based on the numerical symbols. The numerical symbols will then be matched to the specif ic cases or variables designed in the study. Istrumentation and Materials The main instruments of information collection that will be used in this study will be; questionnaires and interviews. Questionnaires and interviews will help in collection of qualitative data from the sample population. Data collection The data collected for this study will be analyzed both from the qualitative and quantitative approach. Coded qualitative data will be analyzed by descriptive statistics where as quantitative data will be analyzed by use of statistical software-SPSS. The analyzed data will be interpreted to inform whether the hybrid education system has any positive link with the ordinary face-to-face education. The Pearson correlation coefficient will be used to determine the degree of relationship between the two variables. Variance and standard deviation will be used to measure variability in the data collected. The nominal variables of the research will be the learning mode, flexibility of learning program, quality of learning, age, suitability of the learning method, and level of student interaction. Assumptions, Limitations, Scope and Delimitations The main assumption associated with online and distance learning is that it is likely to influence the students learning outcomes. This variable will be evaluated by comparing the learner outcome for hybrid system and ordinary face-to-face learning. Limitations experienced in the study include; that respondents must be connected to the internet, this is limiting as some respondents may not have a reliable connection to the internet. Since interaction between the researcher and the respondent was not on a face-to-face basis, it was not possible to seek clarification. The other limitation is that the study was not able get information from part-time students. Data collection will be carried out by examining how the hybrid education program is organized and delivered to the students. To establish this information, the study will focus on implementation and analysis procedure for the program. Formative experiment and system analysis will also be utilized in data analysis. In formative experiment, the main focus will be on instruction process, roles played by students and instructors as well as type and effectiveness of the technology platform used. Limitations of Evaluations There exist a number of limitations concerning data evaluation in existing data and information about hybrid education system. There is lack of accurate data to evaluating the program, current information and data are based on approximations which do not reveal the actual picture of the model. Ethical Issues and Concerns The main ethical consideration observed in this research was the issue of confidentiality and privacy of information given to the researcher by respondents. Information collected from students including test scores, age, name and perception of the course were all coded to hide the identity of the respondents. Findin gs The research indicates that the hybrid education model is a major modern invention in education. The model has helped improve student performance and developed interactive learning through online interactive communities. Reference List Ausburn, L.J. (2004). Course design elements most valued by adult learners in blended online education environments: An American perspective. Educational Media International, 41(4), 327-337. Bonk, C. Graham, C. (2005). Handbook of blended learning: Global perspectives, local designs. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer Publishing. Cameron, B. (2003). The effectiveness of simulation in a hybrid and online networking course. TechTrends, 47(5), 18-21. Carroll, B. (2003). Going hybrid: Online course components increase flexibility of on- campus courses. Online Classroom, p. 4, 7. Christensen, T.K. (2003). Finding the balance: Constructivist pedagogy in a blended course. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 4(3), 235-243. Frazee, R.V. (2003). Using relevanc e to facilitate online participation in a hybrid course. Educause Quarterly, No. 4, 67-69. Garrison, D.R Kanuta, H. (2004). Blended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education. 7(2), 95-105. Graff, M. (2003, October). Individual differences in sense of classroom community in a blended learning environment. Journal of Educational Media, 28(2-3), 203-210. Hiltz, S.R. Goldman, R. (2005). Learning Together Online: Research on Asynchronous Learning Networks. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Johnson, J. (2002, March). Reflections on teaching a large enrollment course using a hybrid format. Teaching with Technology Today, 8(6). Leh, S.C. (2002). Action research on hybrid courses and their online communities. Education Media International, 39(1), 31-37. Martyn, M. (2003). The Hybrid Online Model: Good Practice. Educause Quarterly, 1, 18- 23. Meyer, K. (2003). Face-to-face versus threaded discussions: The role of time and higher-order thinking. Journal of Asynchronous Networks, 7(3), 55-65. Rheingold, H. (2002). Smart mobs: The next social revolution. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books. Stein, D. (2004). Course structure: Most important factor in student satisfaction. Distance Education Report, 8(3), 4. This research paper on Hybrid Education Model was written and submitted by user Alissa P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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